A club (also known as cudgel, baton, truncheon, nightstick, or bludgeon) is among the simplest of all weapons. A club is essentially a short staff, or stick, usually made of wood, and wielded as a weapon since prehistoric times. Most clubs are small enough to be swung in one hand although two-handed variants are known. Yes Chocobo learns this skill naturally. IIRC, Life Preserver guards against Death and Petrify, so get an enemy to use those on Chocobo. Alternatively, you can also do so yourself, either via skills (from Dark Knight) or items (Farplane Shadow and Petrify Grenade). There is a level requirement to learn certain skills though.
History | |
---|---|
Canada | |
Name: | Preserver |
Ordered: | early 1960s |
Builder: | Saint John Shipbuilding |
Laid down: | 17 October 1967 |
Launched: | 29 May 1969 |
Commissioned: | 7 August 1970[1][2] |
Decommissioned: | 21 October 2016 |
Identification: |
|
Motto: |
|
Honours and awards: | Arabian Sea [3] |
Fate: | Scrapped |
Badge: | Azure a life preserver Argent cabled Or charged on the centre chief point with a maple leaf slipped Gules and within the ring a starburst also Argent.[2] |
General characteristics | |
Class and type: | Protecteur-class replenishment oiler |
Displacement: | 24,550 t (24,162 long tons) full load |
Length: | 172 m (564 ft 4 in) |
Beam: | 23 m (75 ft 6 in) |
Draught: | 10 m (32 ft 10 in) |
Propulsion: |
|
Speed: | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
Complement: | 290 officers and crew (men and women) including air detachment when embarked |
Armament: |
|
Aircraft carried: | 3 × CH-124 Sea King helicopters[4] |
Aviation facilities: | aft deck hangar and flight deck |
HMCS Preserver was a Protecteur-classauxiliary oiler replenishment of the Royal Canadian Navy commissioned in 1970. Built at Saint John, New Brunswick, the ship underwent a major refit in 2005, after she was plagued by electrical problems. With these difficulties unresolved, Preserver was withdrawn from sea-going service in 2014 and was paid off on 21 October 2016.[5][6]
Service history[edit]
Preserver, the second Protecteur-class auxiliary replenishment oiler, was built by Saint John Shipbuilding at Saint John, New Brunswick. Commissioned at Saint John in 1970, she was assigned to the east coast fleet. She was the second ship to bear the name Preserver. Commissioned 11 July 1942, the first HMCS Preserver served in the Second World War as a Fairmilemotor launch base supply ship under the East Coast's 'Newfoundland Force' and was paid off 6 November 1945.
In 1971 she carried the Governor-General of Canada, Roland Michener to Europe, hosting the heads of state of Belgium and Netherlands. In June of that year, the ship took part in the first-ever refueling of a hydrofoil at sea, replenishing HMCS Bras d'Or. As part of Canada's contribution to the UN peacekeeping force in Cyprus, Preserver supported Canadian troops through 1974–75.[7] The ship served Canada's fleet in domestic and international exercises in the 1980s and 1990s. In December 1992, she took part in Operation Deliverance, the ill-fated Canadian Forces operation that turned into the Somalia Affair. In 1994, Preserver was part of the multinational force enforcing sanctions on the former Yugoslavia. The vessel returned to that force in May–June 1995. In September 1998, she was part of the Canadian naval response to the crash of Swissair Flight 111 off the coast of Nova Scotia. The ship sailed for Afghanistan in October 2001, as part of Operation Apollo, Canada's initial response to the Global War on Terrorism. She returned from that duty in April 2002.[7]
Preserver underwent a major refit in 2005, after the ship was plagued by electrical problems[further explanation needed]. However, electrical problems remained unresolved for both ships in the class.[8] In 2010 while refueling she spilled several cubic metres of fuel in Halifax harbour.[9] The spill, which comprised 14,000 litres (3,100 imp gal; 3,700 US gal) of diesel oil, was caused by a faulty drainage pipe that had not been properly inspected following a 2010 refit. The spill was contained by the navy before causing damage to the harbour itself.[10] On 4 November 2011, after returning from sea trials, the ship smashed into a dock in Halifax harbour, suffering damage above the waterline on the starboard bow.[11] The commanding officer of the ship was later removed from his post as a result of the crash.[12] The cost of the repairs to the damage sustained during the incident was $497,442.[13]
Retirement[edit]
On 19 September 2014, Vice-Admiral Mark Norman announced the retirement of Preserver, along with sister ship Protecteur and the Iroquois-class destroyers Iroquois and Algonquin. In addition to the problems with the electrical system, corrosion problems extending beyond general wear and tear were found on Preserver. The Royal Canadian Navy is looking at other options to fill the supply gap until the arrival of the two Queenston-class auxiliary vessel in 2019 at the earliest.[14]MS Asterix, a container ship, was converted by Davie Shipbuilding to an auxiliary replenishment vessel and entered service with the Royal Canadian Navy in January 2018.
No longer able to sail at sea, Preserver provided fuelling service for the Atlantic Fleet at Halifax.[15] The ship was paid off on 21 October 2016 at Halifax.[5][6] Contractors to dismantle Preserver, along with CFAV Quest, were sought in March 2017.[16] In June Marine Recycling Corporation of Port Colborne, Ontario secured a CAD$12.6 million contract to dismantle the two ships and Preserver arrived at their Sydport facility at Sydney, Nova Scotia on 2 August.[17][18]
See also[edit]
- Operation Deliverance (1992–1993)
References[edit]
- ^[1]Archived February 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ab'Volume 2, Part 1: Extant Commissioned Ships – HMCS Preserver'. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 7 July 2006. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^'South-West Asia Theatre Honours'. Prime Minister of Canada. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ ab[2]Archived February 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ abPugliese, David (6 September 2016). 'HMCS Preserver to be paid off in ceremony Oct. 21'. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ abMacDonald, Michael (21 October 2016). 'Last of Royal Canadian Navy's supply ships to be retired'. CTV News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- ^ abMacpherson, Ken; Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces, 1910–2002 (3 ed.). St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing Limited. p. 280. ISBN1551250721.
- ^'HMCS Protecteur's electrical system flagged as 'dangerous and unsafe''. CBC News. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^'Ship leaked fuel into N.S. for hours due to 'procedural errors''. CBC News. 22 September 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^Tutton, Michael (13 January 2012). 'Report: Ship repair not inspected'. The Chronicle Herald. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^'HMCS Preserver smashes into dock'. The Chronicle Herald. 5 November 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^'Preserver commander relieved of duties after crash'. The Chronicle Herald. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^'HMCS Preserver Crash leaves $500K Repair Bill'. The Huffington Post Canada. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^'Navy sending four Cold War era ships into retirement'. CTV News. 19 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
- ^Pugliese, David (24 April 2015). 'Paying off ceremonies to be held for two destroyers, one replenishment ship – fourth ship to be paid off at a later date'. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^Pugliese, David (20 March 2017). 'Contractor wanted to dismantle former HMCS Preserver, CFAV Quest'. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^Pugliese, David (16 June 2017). 'Ontario company wins contract to dispose of former HMCS Preserver and CFAV Quest'. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
- ^Pugliese, David (3 August 2017). 'Former HMCS Preserver now at industrial park in Nova Scotia where it will be dismantled'. National Post. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to IMO 6918546. |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMCS_Preserver_(AOR_510)&oldid=950805457'
(Redirected from Club weapon)
A club (also known as a cudgel, baton, bludgeon, truncheon, cosh, nightstick or impact weapon) is among the simplest of all weapons: a short staff or stick, usually made of wood, wielded as a weapon[1] since prehistoric times. There are several examples of blunt-force trauma caused by clubs in the past, including at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya, described as the scene of a prehistoric conflict between bands of hunter-gatherers 10,000 years ago.[2] In popular culture, clubs are associated with primitive cultures, especially cavemen.
Most clubs are small enough to be swung with one hand, although larger clubs may require the use of two to be effective. Various specialized clubs are used in martial arts and other fields, including the law-enforcement baton. The military mace is a more sophisticated descendant of the club, typically made of metal and featuring a spiked, knobbed, or flanged head attached to a shaft.
The wounds inflicted by a club are generally known as strike trauma or blunt-force trauma injuries.
Law enforcement[edit]
Police forces and their predecessors have traditionally favored the use, whenever possible, of less-lethal weapons than guns or blades. Until recent times, when alternatives such as tasers and capsicum spray became available, this category of policing weapon has generally been filled by some form of wooden club variously termed a truncheon, baton, nightstick, or lathi. Short, flexible clubs are also often used, especially by plainclothes officers who need to avoid notice. These are known colloquially as blackjacks, saps, or coshes.
Conversely, criminals have been known to arm themselves with an array of homemade or improvised clubs, generally of easily concealable sizes, or which can be explained as being carried for legitimate purposes (such as baseball bats).
In addition, Shaolin monks and members of other religious orders around the world have employed cudgels from time to time as defensive weapons.
Types[edit]
Round Life Preservers
Though perhaps the simplest of all weapons, clubs come in many varieties, including:
- Aklys – a club with an integrated leather thong, used to return it to the hand after snapping it at an opponent. Used by the legions of the Roman Empire.
- Ball club – These clubs were used by the Native Americans. There are two types; the stone ball clubs that were used mostly by early Plains, Plateau and Southwest Native Indians and the wooden ball clubs that the Huron and Iroquois tribes used. These consisted of a relatively free-moving head of rounded stone or wood attached to a wooden handle.
- Baseball, cricket and T-ball bats – The baseball bat is often used as an improvised weapon, much like the pickaxe handle. In countries where baseball is not commonly played, baseball bats are often first thought of as weapons. Tee ball bats are also used in this manner. Their smaller size and lighter weight make the bat easier to handle in one hand than a baseball bat. Cricket bats are heavier and their flat shape and short handle make them unwieldy as weapons, but they are more commonly available than baseball bats in some countries.
- Baton or truncheon – forms used by law enforcement
- Blackjack or cosh – a weighted club designed to stun the subject
- Clava (full name clava mere okewa) – a traditional stone hand-club used by Mapuche Indians in Chile, featuring a long flat body. In Spanish, it is known as clava cefalomorfa. It has some ritual importance as a special sign of distinction carried by the tribal chief.[3]
- Cudgel – A stout stick carried by peasants during the Middle Ages. It functioned as a walking staff and a weapon for both self-defence and wartime. Clubmen revolted in several localities against the excesses of soldiers on both sides during the English Civil War.[citation needed] During the 18th century singlestick fighting (a training sport for the use of the single handed backsword) was called singlesticking, or cudgel-play.[4]
- Crowbar – a tool commonly used as an improvised weapon, though some examples are too large to be wielded with a single hand, and therefore should be classified as staves.
- Flashlight – A large metal flashlight, such as a Maglite, can make a very effective improvised club. Though not specifically classified as a weapon, it is often carried for self-defense by security guards, bouncers and civilians, especially in countries where carrying weapons is restricted.
- Gata – a Fijian war club
- Gunstock war club – a war club stylized as the butt of a rifle
- 'Jutte or jitte – a distinctive weapon of the samurai police consisting of an iron rod with a hook. It could parry and disarm a sword-wielding assailant without serious injury. Eventually, the jutte also came to be considered a symbol of official status.[5]
- Kanabō (nyoibo, konsaibo, tetsubō, ararebo) – Various types of different-sized Japanese clubs made of wood and or iron, usually with iron spikes or studs. First used by the Samurai.[6][7][8][9]
- Kanak war clubs – traditional weapons from New Caledonia
- Kiyoga – a spring baton similar in concept to the Asp collapsible police baton, but with the center section made of a heavy duty steel spring. The tip and first section slide into the spring, and the whole nests into a seven-inch handle. To deploy the kiyoga, all that is necessary is to grasp the handle and swing. This causes the parts to extend from the handle into a baton seventeen inches long. The kiyoga has one advantage over a conventional collapsible baton: it can reach around a raised arm trying to block it to strike the head.[10][11]
- Knobkerrie – a war club of southern and eastern Africa with a distinctive knob on the end
- Kubotan – a short, thin, lightweight club often used by law enforcement officers, generally to apply pressure against selected points of the body in order to encourage compliance without inflicting injury.
- Leangle – an Australian Aboriginal fighting club with a hooked striking head, typically nearly at right angles to the weapon's shaft. The name comes from Kulin languages such as Wemba-Wemba and Woiwurrung, based on the word lia (tooth).[12]
- Life preserver (also hyphenatedlife-preserver) – a short, often weighted club intended for self-defense. Mentioned in Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance and several Sherlock Holmes stories.[13]
- Lil Lil – An aboriginal[specify] club with boomerang-like aerodynamics. Can be thrown or hand held.
- Mace – a metal club with a heavy head on the end, designed to deliver very powerful blows. The head of a mace may also have small studs forged into it. The mace is often confused with the spiked morning star and the articulated flail.
- Mere – short, broad-bladed Māori club, usually made from nephrite jade and used for forward-striking thrusts
- Morning star - a medieval club-like weapon consisting of a shaft with an attached ball adorned with one or more spikes
- Nulla-nulla – a short, curved hardwood club, used as a hunting weapon and in tribal in-fighting, by the Aboriginal people of Australia
- Nunchaku (also called nunchucks) – an Asian weapon consisting of two clubs, connected by a short rope, thong or chain, and usually used with one club in hand and the other swung as a flail.
- Oslop [ru] – a two-handed, very heavy, often iron-shod, Russian club that was used as the cheapest and the most readily available infantry weapon.
- Paddle club - common in the Solomon Islands, these clubs could be used in warfare or for propelling a small dugout canoe.
- Pickaxe handle – the (usually wooden) haft of a pickaxe used as a club
- Rungu (Swahili, plural marungu) – a wooden throwing club or baton bearing special symbolism and significance in certain East African tribal cultures. It is especially associated with Maasaimorans (male warriors) who have traditionally used it in warfare and for hunting.
- Sali, a Fijian war club
- Sally rod – a long, thin wooden stick, generally made from willow (Latin salix), and used chiefly in the past in Ireland as a disciplinary implement, but also sometimes used like a club (without the fencing-like technique of stick fighting) in fights and brawls.[citation needed] In Japan this type of stick is called the Hanbō meaning half stick, and in FMA (Filipino martial arts) it is called the eskrima or escrima stick, often made from rattan.
- Shillelagh – a wooden club or cudgel, typically made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end, that is associated with Ireland in folklore
- Slapjack – a variation of the blackjack consistomg of a longer strap which lets it be used like a flail, and can be used as a club or for trapping techniques as seen in the use of nunchaku and other flexible weapons
- Supi – a war club of the Solomon Islands
- Telescopic baton – a rigid baton capable of collapsing to a shorter length for greater portability and concealability
- Tipstaff – a ceremonial rod used by a court officer of the same name
- Tonfa or side-handle baton – a club of Okinawan origin featuring a second handle mounted perpendicular to the shaft
- Totokia – a Fijian spiked club[14]
- Trench raiding club - a type of melee weapon used by both sides in World War 1
- Ula – traditional throwing club from Fiji
- U'u – an exquisitely-carved ceremonial club from the Marquesan Islands, used as a chiefly status symbol
- Waddy – a heavy hardwood club, used as a weapon for hunting and in tribal in-fighting, and also as a tool, by the Aboriginal people of Australia. The word waddy describes a club from New South Wales, but is also used generally by Australians to include other Aboriginal clubs, including the nulla nulla and leangle.
Animals using club-like appendages[edit]
- Ankylosaurus (armored dinosaur)
- Anodontosaurus (armored dinosaur)
- Club-winged manakin (bird)
- Dyoplosaurus (armored dinosaur)
- Jamaican ibis, extinct bird
- Nodocephalosaurus (armored dinosaur)
- Rodrigues solitaire, extinct bird with carpal spurs or knobs
- Talarurus (armored dinosaur)
Gallery[edit]
- Ball-headed War Club with Spike, Menominee (Native American), early 19th century, Brooklyn Museum
- An iron jutte from Japan.
- Small Japanese Tetsubo, an iron club with a leather grip.
- Various assorted shillelagh (club).
- Traditional Māori mere, made from pounamu (nephrite jade).
- Head of Gata waka
Life Preserver For Boating
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Life Preservers Amazon
- ^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). 'Club' . Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 564.
- ^Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R. K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J. E.; Fernandez, J. M. Maillo; Kiarie, C. (2016). 'Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya'. Nature. 529 (7586): 394–398. doi:10.1038/nature16477. PMID26791728. S2CID4462435.
- ^Image of clava cefalomorfaArchived 2014-03-14 at Wikiwix Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
- ^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). 'Single-stick' . Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 148–149.
- ^'Jutte'. E-budokai.com. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ^Tuttle dictionary of the martial arts of Korea, China & Japan – Page 168 Daniel Kogan, Sun-Jin Kim – 1996
- ^Pauley's Guide – A Dictionary of Japanese Martial Arts and Culture – Page 90 Daniel C. Pauley – 2009
- ^Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the ... – Page 91 Serge Mol – 2003
- ^Secrets of the samurai: a survey of the martial arts of feudal Japan By Oscar Ratti, Adele Westbrook p.305
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-02-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Retrieved February 7, 2017.
- ^Francis, Dick. Straight (New York: G.P Putnam's Sons), 1989, pages 99 - 100 and 309.
- ^'leangle - Definition of leangle in English by Oxford Dictionaries'. Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on 2017-08-23.
- ^'Notes on the Sherlock Holmes story The Bruce Partington Plans'. Sherlockholmes.stanford.edu. 1908-12-12. Archived from the original on 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
- ^Eric Kjellgren, How to Read Oceanic Art (Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2014), p. 153.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Club (weapon) |
Life Preserver Weapons
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Club_(weapon)&oldid=991777319'